Reviewed case brief

Union of India v. Prakash P. Hinduja

(2003) 6 SCC 195

Authority on the distinct nature and functions of investigation, inquiry, and trial as separate stages of criminal proceedings.

investigationinquirytrialdistinctionS.2-BNSSArt-21sem-5
Court
Supreme Court of India
Year
2003
Subjects
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
Reviewed
2026-06-30

Rule established

Investigation, inquiry, and trial are distinct stages of criminal proceedings. Investigation is conducted by police, inquiry by Magistrate, and trial by the competent court. The right to a fair investigation is part of Art.21, and investigation must be completed within reasonable time.

Facts

    Issues

      Held

        Ratio decidendi

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