Workmen of Firestone Tyre and Rubber Co. of India Pvt. Ltd. v Management

Rule established

The definition of 'lay-off' under Section 2(kkk) of the Industrial Disputes Act requires the failure, refusal, or inability of an employer to give employment arising from specified causes (shortage of coal, power, raw materials, accumulation of stock, breakdown of machinery, or natural calamity); an employer cannot invoke lay-off for reasons falling outside this exhaustive statutory list, and such action, if unjustified, is treated as illegal, entitling workmen to full wages.