Reviewed case brief

People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of India

(1982) 3 SCC 235

(1982) 3 SCC 235 · Supreme Court of India (Justice P.N. Bhagwati, Justice A.N. Sen)

landmarkArt-23forced-labourminimum-wagePILhorizontal-application
Court
Supreme Court of India
Year
1982
Subjects
Labour Law II, Constitutional Law I
Reviewed
2026-08-02

Rule established

Payment below minimum wage constitutes forced labour under Art.23; poverty vitiates consent; Art.23 operates horizontally against private employers

Facts

    Issues

      Held

        Ratio decidendi

        How to use it in an exam

        Editorial source

        SCC Online

        Educational summary only. Read the reported judgment or an authorised law report before relying on the case professionally.